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Concerns over
Kidney Cancer Grow
Concerns over the increasing
incidence of kidney (renal) cancer, both in the United States
and worldwide, have led to a renewed look at how lifestyle may
influence this cancer. The incidence has nearly doubled in the
United States and other high-income countries since 1975. The
causes of this increase are unclear. Researchers are investigating
kidney cancer’s possible link to our diet, with studies
showing this cancer is related to obesity and tobacco.
Some research points to a link
between high meat consumption and kidney cancer but the evidence
is conflicting. One analysis reported that greater consumption
of meat, red meat, processed meat or poultry each increased risk
of this cancer by 20 to 30 percent. However, a more recent analysis,
which experts consider scientifically stronger, found no link
between meat consumption and kidney cancer risk. That said, limiting
red and processed meat consumption is smart because too much
does increase the risk of colorectal cancer.
Another question involves the
consumption of acrylamide, a compound that forms in some foods
when cooked at high temperatures. It has been found in French
fries, cakes, snack foods and coffee and has been declared a
"probable human carcinogen," primarily based on animal
studies. Some studies link greater consumption of acrylamide
with increased risk of kidney cancer. Other studies show no such
link. Limiting the fries and processed snack foods you eat is
a good idea for other reasons, but the inconclusive data means
you don’t need to be afraid of coffee. |
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Researchers have also studied
alcohols possible link to cancer. The American Institute of Cancer
Research’s 2007 review of studies concluded that it is unlikely
alcohol consumption is associated with an increased risk of kidney
cancer. However, alcohol consumed beyond moderation is linked
to increased risk of colorectal and breast cancers.
Tobacco avoidance and weight
management are much more important strategies to lower risk of
kidney cancer. Smoking reportedly doubles the risk of this cancer.
And at least 20 percent of U.S. cases may be prevented by maintenance
of a healthy body weight. AICR’s report found a direct link
between overweight or obesity and increased risk of kidney cancer.
The reason is not clear, but researchers theorize that changes
in levels of insulin and related growth factors may increase
inflammation, promote cancer development and inhibit the normal
process of self-destruction of abnormal cells. High blood pressure
and workplace exposure to certain industrial chemicals, such
as asbestos, may also increase risk of kidney cancer.
Kidney cancer is still a far
less common health threat than some other cancers or heart disease.
So focus on prevention strategies with multiple benefits: avoid
tobacco; keep blood pressure controlled; and reach and maintain
a healthy weight through regular physical activity and a balanced,
mostly plant-based diet. |
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